| Also known as |
Exogenous insulin |
| Blood pressure |
Can indirectly affect blood pressure by altering blood glucose levels |
| Chemical name |
Insulin |
| Dosage (medical) |
Depends on the patient's insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate intake, and blood glucose level, typically ranges from 0.5 to 1 unit/kg per day |
| Dosage (sports) |
Not recommended for non-medical use |
| Effects |
Decreases blood glucose, increases cellular glucose uptake, promotes glycogen synthesis |
| Formula |
C257H383N65O77S6 (for human insulin) |
| Half-life |
Varies by type (Rapid-acting: 2-4 hours, Short-acting: 3-6 hours, Intermediate-acting: 12-18 hours, Long-acting: 20-24 hours) |
| Hepatotoxicity |
No hepatotoxic effects known |
| Lab Test |
Blood insulin levels, C-peptide test |
| Main action |
Lowers blood glucose levels |
| Side effects |
Hypoglycemia, weight gain, insulin resistance, allergic reactions |
| Storage conditions |
Must be kept refrigerated (2-8 degrees Celsius), avoid freezing |
| Strength |
100 pct |
| Substance class |
Hormone, peptide |
| Trade name |
Humulin, Novolin, Lantus, among others |
| Use in sports |
Misused for anabolic purposes |
| Water Retention |
Can cause modest water retention |
| Manufacturer |
Pharmaceutical |
